• The main aim of our study was to identify whether

  2021-09-02

  

  The main aim of our study was to identify whether glucokinase and Irs2 were required for beta cell replication induced by short-term HF diet feeding. Glucokinase plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose levels by catalysing the rate-limiting biochemical reaction of glycolysis [26,27]. In p

• The glucokinase protein sequence is most closely related to

  2021-09-02

  

  The glucokinase protein sequence is most closely related to the C-terminal domain of 100kD hexokinases, thus for glucokinase to evolve from a larger hexokinase ancestor it must have lost its N-terminal kinase domain. The genetic mechanism by which this occurred is currently unknown. Here we propose

• br Introduction Glucagon is a

  2021-09-02

  

  Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts to increase blood glucose levels. The secretion of glucagon from the alpha long way of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is increased during fasting and prevents hypoglycemia. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and th

• However protection against kainic acid induced injury was

  2021-09-02

  

  However, protection against kainic acid-induced injury was not found by Lin et al. (2003) in the rats with AAV-GAL vector-mediated galanin overexpression, even though these animals, as mentioned earlier, exhibited attenuated of seizure severity. Although the reason for the controversy between the st

• Based upon the present findings it is tempting to imagine

  2021-09-02

  

  Based upon the present findings, it is tempting to imagine that selective, and especially stable blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetrating GalR1 antagonists might be useful as drugs for acute suppression of appetite. While this may be possible, previous studies using nonspecific galanin antagonists yiel

• Interestingly transgenic mice that constitutively express ac

  2021-09-02

  

  Interestingly, transgenic mice that constitutively express active FXR in the intestine (iVP16FXR) are protected from chemically-induced and genetically-induced cholestasis. This protective effect is attributed to the induction of intestinal FGF15 and repression of hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, downregu

• Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR agonists as re

  2021-09-02

  

  Through the analysis of various synthetic GPR40 agonists as reported in literature, we found that a number of these compounds contained a phenylpropanoic PPDA motif which was inspired from naturally occurring medium to long chain fatty acids. For instance, in the early period of discovering TAK-875

• br Materials and methods br

  2021-09-02

  

  Materials and methods Results To examine the apoptosis in FLS in vitro, we measured the number of 4-IPP in early apoptosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD−) and late apoptosis/necrosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD+) using flow cytometry after incubation with or without stimulating Fas antibody. In the absence of Fa

• The structure of the HOIP RBR

  2021-09-02

  

  The structure of the HOIP RBR–LDD module bound to UbcH5~Ub reveals insights into an activated HOIP component [47]. Contacts between the E2~Ub and the non-cognate RBR module in the crystal suggest how a structure in which the active sites of the E2 and the E3 are in close proximity might look. In thi

• Against this backdrop we set out to identify synthetic and

  2021-09-02

  

  Against this backdrop, we set out to identify synthetic and endogenous ligands that bind directly to and regulate the activity of Nurr1. Owing to the pivotal role Nurr1 plays in producing and processing dopamine, and the need for neurons to tightly regulate dopamine levels, we postulated that the re

• Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA

  2021-09-01

  

  Both meiotic COs and NCOs require DNA synthesis, current data from sequencing also suggest that COs require more DNA synthesis than NCO 63., 64., 65.. However, analysis of the role of DNA synthesis in NCOs remains relatively uncharacterized. Emerging evidence points to a role for either Polδ or Polε

• It has been reported that NMDA receptor hypofunction

  2021-09-01

  

  It has been reported that NMDA receptor hypofunction upregulates the expression of immediate early genes in several Doxorubicin regions [39], [40]. Consistent with this finding, we demonstrated that MK-801 increased the number of c-Fos-positive cells in the PVN and PC/RS (Fig. 5). Importantly, the

• Regarding the mechanism of action of CRF several

  2021-09-01

  

  Regarding the mechanism of action of CRF, several studies have shown that low doses of CRF may preferentially activate CRF1 receptors in glutamatergic projection neurons, serotoninergic neurons or glutamatergic collaterals in the medial prefrontal cortex (Vertes, 2004). Indeed, prosencephalic inacti

• RQ What are the different factors that influence

  2021-09-01

  

  RQ2: What are the different factors that influence the decision to choose among different component origins? In total eleven factors grouped into three high-level themes that influence the decision to choose a component origin were identified. The project metrics factors are: time, cost, effort and

• Introduction Angiotensin II Ang II and Endothelin ET

  2021-09-01

  

  Introduction Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides recognized as key players in many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic arrhythmia, and stroke have been associated to an overstimulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) recepto

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