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br Expression profile of GPR
2021-09-16
Expression profile of GPR35 As noted above, initial studies indicated expression of GPR35 in rat intestine [1] and stomach [2]. Subsequent studies have confirmed significant expression levels in the small intestine, colon and stomach, and this might be relevant in the association between a GPR35
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Treatment with probiotics can also be used to alter
2021-09-16
Treatment with probiotics can also be used to alter the microbiota profile of CF patients. One study reports that administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri improved digestive health and inflammation [112]. The fecal microbial profile changed, showing a decrease in Proteobacteria and an i
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Autophagy as an important cellular
2021-09-16
Autophagy as an important cellular process has drawn attentions to its role in cardiovascular systems [16]. Autophagy is a self-digestion and degradation process that recycles the contents of the cytosol, including macromolecules and cellular organelles, resulting in self-repair and conservation for
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To verify the feasibility of the proposed method EIS
2021-09-16
To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, EIS is firstly adopted to study the modification processes of the electrode. As shown in Fig. 1A, the nyquist plot of bare gold electrode exhibits a straight line, which indicates a fast charge transfer process (curve a). After modified with probe a,
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The current study also inferred
2021-09-16
The current study also inferred that MT content in Crassostrea gigas might be associated with the Cd level, and can be affected by MT turnover. The myosin inhibitor of MT in cytosol is beneficial for aquatic organisms to adapt the seawater contaminated by heavy metals, and MT is a biomarker for mar
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br Experimental procedure br Acknowledgments
2021-09-16
Experimental procedure Acknowledgments This research was supported by funds provided by NIH/NIAAA grant P01 AA020683 and the Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research. Introduction Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is still associated with a high mortality rate, and currently, an ea
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Interestingly mGlu and mGlu receptors
2021-09-16
Interestingly, mGlu2 and mGlu3 receptors differ notably by their cellular distribution. Whereas mGlu2 receptors are mostly neuronal, mGlu3 receptors are expressed both in glia and in neurons. In neurons, mGlu3 receptors are present at the post-synapse and in presynaptic elements (Tamaru et al., 2001
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In respect of clinical development Takeda has pioneered the
2021-09-16
In respect of clinical development Takeda has pioneered the field with the GPR40 agonist TAK-875 or fasiglifam (Figure 2A), which in phase-II studies decreased HbA1c as efficiently as sulfonylurea without signs of hypoglycemia [24]. This was obtained with surprisingly little effect on systemic insul
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In the small intestine digestion and absorption of
2021-09-16
In the small intestine, digestion and U-104 of the nutrients are the next processes with an impact on the resulting plasma profile. Normally, neither carbohydrate digestion nor absorption are limiting factors, which is illustrated by the rapid and extensive absorption of glucose in conditions with
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GLP is released in response to ingestion
2021-09-15
GLP-1 is released in response to ingestion of nutrients including carbohydrates, protein, and fat. Recent studies aimed at identifying the receptors involved in nutrient stimulated GLP-1 secretion have identified free fatty moxalactam receptor 4 (FFA4/GPR120) as a potential 7TM receptor involved in
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To meet the requirement of ferroptosis based therapy a
2021-09-15
To meet the requirement of ferroptosis-based therapy, a couple of small molecule drugs and nanomaterials were introduced to the design of ferroptosis inducers, separately. As we know, iron is a key regulator of ferroptosis. When small molecule drugs are employed to induce ferroptosis, the endogenous
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In the next set of
2021-09-15
In the next set of experiments, we sought to determine the source of lysosomal metabotropic glutamate receptor inhibition by oxidative stress. Lysosomal exocytosis probably involves multiple steps including vesicle positioning, delivery, docking and fusion. The previous evidence and data in Fig. 1C
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Although histamine can induce both proliferation
2021-09-15
Although histamine can induce both proliferation and differentiation in vitro (Molina-Hernandez and Velasco, 2008), the promotion of neurogenesis conferred by H3R antagonism here does not seem to be caused by either the proliferation or the reduction of apoptosis of NSCs (Figure S3). Furthermore, H3
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The mast cell has long
2021-09-15
The mast cell has long been recognized as central to the mediation of allergic responses not least because it is the principal repository of histamine in the body. Following activation by allergens, the mast cell can release histamine as well as generate a host of additional mediators such as cystei
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hematopoietic stem cells Thus both in Drosophila and mammals
2021-09-15
Thus, both in Drosophila and mammals, the Hippo pathway responds to cell–cell junctions via an apical NF2/Mer-containing complex. Indeed, Hippo signalling and NF2 are required for contact inhibition of growth in cell culture, which is thought to reflect an in vivo function as a sensor of tissue crow
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