• CK is considered a central controller of cellular

  2024-05-29

  

  CK is considered a central controller of cellular energy homeostasis that catalyzes the reversible transfer of a phosphoryl group from ATP to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and creatine to produce PCr [5]. This enzyme builds up a large pool of rapidly diffusing PCr for temporal and spatial buffering of

• AP activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes

  2024-05-29

  

  AP-1 activation is known to upregulate downstream target genes including cox 2 inhibitors D1, c-myc, Bcl-xl, MMP-9, EGFR, and specific miRNAs that are involved in progression and metastasis of tumors. Moreover, matrix metalloproteinase-2 has been shown as a downstream gene of AP-1, triggered by 15-

• From an historical perspective ligands for

  2024-05-29

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, clemastine fumarate or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous liga

• The relationship between the apelinergic and

  2024-05-29

  

  The relationship between the apelinergic and opioid systems has been previously reported (Lv et al., 2011, Yang et al., 2010). Lv and colleagues showed that naloxone has a suppressive effect on apelin-induced depression-like behavior in mice (Lv et al., 2012a). Furthermore, heterodimerization of GPC

• We recently identified a G A

  2024-05-28

  

  We recently identified a G9A-dependent epigenetic mechanism for transcriptional activation of the serine pathway in cancer cells (Ding et al., 2013). G9A, also known as EHMT2 and KMT1C, is a H3K9 methyltransferase that has a primary role in catalyzing H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 in euchromatin (Shinkai and

• The number of times an animal reared was the only

  2024-05-28

  

  The number of times an animal reared was the only emotional behavior that was significantly higher in the young mice than in the middle-aged group. This may be explained by diminished curiosity or augmented ambulation with aging (Lalonde and Strazielle, 2008). A recent study showed that middle-aged

• The number of times an animal reared was the only

  2024-05-28

  

  The number of times an animal reared was the only emotional behavior that was significantly higher in the young mice than in the middle-aged group. This may be explained by diminished curiosity or augmented ambulation with aging (Lalonde and Strazielle, 2008). A recent study showed that middle-aged

• This study revealed that EAAT expression was increased weeks

  2024-05-28

  

  This study revealed that EAAT2 AZ505 was increased 4–8 weeks after cauterization as our previous work (Park et al., 2009). RGC death could not be blocked despite activation of EAAT2, which is one of glutamate transporters in cone photoreceptors and some bipolar cells, in chronic ocular hypertension

• Whether similar mechanisms play a role in

  2024-05-28

  

  Whether similar mechanisms play a role in adiponectin signal transduction and whether additional proteins are recruited to adiponectin receptors via APPL1 has not been analysed so far. Although it has been clearly established that APPL1 is a downstream adaptor protein in adiponectin signal transduct

• AdipoRon acts on the anti diabetic effects of adiponectin

  2024-05-28

  

  AdipoRon acts on the anti-diabetic effects of adiponectin, exhibiting its effect through the activation of AMPK and PPARα pathways via AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, respectively [23]. AdipoR activation is a promising treatment for diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease, demons

• Tension within the network could

  2024-05-28

  

  Tension within the network could be explained by two potential mechanisms: the more classical contractility that is dependent on motor proteins that are pulling RO4929097 filaments towards each other [10]; or contractility that is caused by disassembly of a crosslinked network of actin filaments [2

• The next level of possible

  2024-05-28

  

  The next level of possible correlation and comparison between the α7 and 5HT3 receptors is at the subunit arrangement and protein folding. Crystal structures of the nicotinic and serotoninergic (-)-p-Bromotetramisole Oxalate receptors [45], [46] reinforced the concept of similarities between these f

• Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise

  2024-05-28

  

  Whereas more research is needed to identify the precise mechanism by which FIN exerts its antidyskinetic effect, the apoptosis that it can negatively modulate dopaminergic transmission is also supported by our previous findings. Indeed, we have previously shown that FIN completely reversed the beha

• Previously several genes such as cytokine Lyu

  2024-05-28

  

  Previously, several genes such as cytokine (Lyu and Park, 2007), cell motility-associated genes (Schotterl et al., 2017), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), TGF-β receptor II which is a cell surface receptor with serine/threonine kinase activity (Jiang et al., 2014, Schotterl et al., 2017), cell

• br Author contributions br Competing interests br Transparen

  2024-05-28

  

  Author contributions Competing interests Transparency document Acknowledgments This research was funded by a TOP ZonMW grant (40-00812-98-10054) to R.O.E., a DFG grant (KR4391/1-1) and IZKF Erlangen grant (J36) to A.K. and supported in part by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de

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